ECLSS, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Temperature
In order for humanity to venture into deep space, they must be provided with an environment where life is sustainable. An environment that must simulate like the one on Earth. Considering the basic needs to make life thrive.
In flight travel, a life support system, enables one the sustainability to survive in space.
Humans can only sustain through a range of temperature and humidity in the atomsphere Especially in space, when astronauts are exposed to the Sun and hidden behinds the Earth in cold darkness. Radiators and Freons are used to control the temperature of the spacecraft. The Freons, contain nasty gas that are harmful for humans, but what the Freon do, is that they circulate the heat generated from inside the cabin, and flows to the radiators in which they circulates into Cold Freons before entering back into the Freons
For safety from Freons, the spacecraft uses a Two Fluid Heat System which utilises on a cold water loop circulating inside
and outside the spacecraft. As the spacecraft heats up, the heat is transfered into the water, where fans and blade move the water in
a loop. The Frenons, which are located outside are externally connected to the outside part of the heated water loop which in turn
transfers the heat into the Frenon loop, and that travels the the radiators, to disposal the heat into space.
Ammonia can be used as more environmentally impact on the ozone layer as suppose to Freons
Also the reason why water is not used as they wil freeze in space
Spacecrafts tend to have sea level atomsphere.
Astronauts need a good amount of oxygen, too less or too much can harm their health. It is known that as altitude increases, the total air
pressure decreases and hence, we must have a sufficient amount of pressure (Partial Pressure)
Compositions
To supply oxygen in space, astronauts either bring along High Pressure Cannisters or undergo this process of liquidifying the air also known as Cryogenics. Crygenics tanks are insulated and used to store the liquified air as they are more lighter compared in normal air.
For a longer period up in space, oxygen will be limited and hence must be generated through methods of generating via candles burning and electrodes Chlorate candles used the burning from a special candles the release excess oxygen at high temperatures. Electroylsis on the other is a more modern methods of generating oxgyen by generating hyrdrogen and oxygen bubbles. A beaker of water is used where two electrodes are placed in the breaker and voltage is also supply, hydrogen and oxygen will seperates and hence we can put further use of oxygen and dump the hydrogen. But with this in mind, it pose one problem: since in space, gravity is very significant, the seperation must undergo centrifugal pressure to other simluated gravity.
When one breathes in air the air will contain 21% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide.
In space, the exhale of air will release 5% of carbon dioxide, which accumlate in space.
This accumlation can cause harm to the Astronauts and can cause vision degradation and nausea.
To remove carbon dioxide, it is known as scrubbing and expell carbon dioxide by transforming it
chemically. The addition of Lithium Hyrodxide (LiOH) mixed with carbon dioxide will absorb
and create Lithium Carbonate, Hydrogen and Heat.
2(LiOH) + (Co2) = (LiCo3) + (H20) + Heat
There are two types of comtanination, namely Physical: Dust / Food Crumbs and
Chemical: emission of materials / Output from the Human Body.
To remove physical trace of contaminant, the space craft is equipped with a
filtering system, that require regular long and tedious maintenance to removes chemical traces, it is more complex.
Water is essential for humans, and thus is important as access to water is difficult in space.
Astronauts can either physically bring all the supplied water on their journey, and use them
without the need to recycle or generate water, through the special use of fuel cells
that combining hydrogen and oxygen to create drinkable water and electrical power or in ISS case,
they use solar cells to generate eletrical power, and obtain water by making resupplies from Earth.
Type of Recycled Water
Recycled water is given the term Grey Water and this involves water from: